{
  "meta": {
    "party_name": {
      "ru": "Наш дом Израиль (Yisrael Beiteinu)",
      "en": "Our Home Israel (Yisrael Beiteinu)"
    },
    "country": {
      "ru": "Израиль",
      "en": "Israel"
    },
    "election_context": {
      "ru": "Выборы в 26-й Кнессет (2026)",
      "en": "Elections to the 26th Knesset (2026)"
    },
    "research_date": {
      "ru": "2026-10-15",
      "en": "2026-10-15"
    },
    "overall_confidence": {
      "ru": "medium",
      "en": "medium"
    },
    "data_completeness_percent": 80,
    "language_of_dossier": "ru/en",
    "source_tier_policy": {
      "ru": "Приоритет первичным источникам высокой достоверности: Кнессет и Центральная избирательная комиссия (high). Израильские и международные СМИ и исследовательские институты — средняя достоверность (medium). Wikipedia — низкая достоверность (low). Эмоциональные эпитеты не цитируются; внешние оценки атрибутируются конкретным источникам.",
      "en": "Priority to primary sources of high reliability: Knesset and Central Elections Committee (high). Israeli and international media and research institutes — medium reliability (medium). Wikipedia — low reliability (low). Emotional epithets are not cited; external assessments are attributed to specific sources."
    }
  },
  "overview": {
    "official_name": {
      "ru": "Наш дом Израиль / Исраэль Бейтену (ישראל ביתנו)",
      "en": "Our Home Israel / Yisrael Beiteinu (ישראל ביתנו)"
    },
    "short_name_abbreviation": {
      "ru": "НДИ (бюллетень: ל)",
      "en": "Yisrael Beiteinu (ballot: ל)"
    },
    "founded_year": 1999,
    "ideology_self_described": [
      {
        "ru": "светский национализм",
        "en": "secular nationalism",
        "ru_en": "secular nationalism"
      },
      {
        "ru": "разделение религии и государства",
        "en": "separation of religion and state",
        "ru_en": "separation of religion and state"
      },
      {
        "ru": "жёсткая линия в безопасности",
        "en": "hardline on security",
        "ru_en": "a hard line on security"
      },
      {
        "ru": "рыночная экономика и частное предпринимательство",
        "en": "market economy and private enterprise",
        "ru_en": "a market economy and private enterprise"
      }
    ],
    "ideology_external_classification": [
      {
        "ru": "светский национал-либерализм / национал-консерватизм (характеристика IDI и Британники)",
        "en": "secular national-liberalism / national-conservatism (IDI and Britannica classification)",
        "ru_en": "secular national liberalism / national conservatism (as characterized by IDI and Britannica)"
      },
      {
        "ru": "правая по безопасности, светская по вопросам религии и государства",
        "en": "right-wing on security, secular on religion and state matters",
        "ru_en": "right-wing on security, secularist on religion-and-state issues"
      }
    ],
    "current_status": "opposition",
    "neutral_one_line_summary": "Светско-националистическая партия Авигдора Либермана (6 мандатов); приоритеты — разделение религии и государства, полный призыв ультраортодоксов и жёсткая линия безопасности.",
    "neutral_one_line_summary_en": "Secular-nationalist party of Avigdor Liberman (6 seats); priorities include separation of religion and state, full draft of Haredim, and a tough security line."
  },
  "leadership": {
    "current_leader": {
      "name": "Авигдор Либерман",
      "role": "Председатель партии",
      "role_en": "Party Chairman",
      "since": "1999-01-01",
      "short_background": "Основал партию в 1999 году. Занимал посты министра иностранных дел и министра обороны; с поста министра обороны ушёл в отставку в ноябре 2018 года в знак протеста против прекращения огня в Газе. В 2013 году оправдан судом по обвинениям в мошенничестве и злоупотреблении доверием (см. controversies).",
      "short_background_en": "Founded the party in 1999. Served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defense; resigned from the post of Minister of Defense in November 2018 to protest a ceasefire in Gaza. In 2013, he was acquitted by a court of charges of fraud and breach of trust (see controversies).",
      "name_en": "Avigdor Liberman"
    },
    "key_figures": [
      {
        "name": "Одед Форер",
        "role": "Депутат Кнессета, в прошлом министр сельского хозяйства",
        "role_en": "Knesset Member, former Minister of Agriculture",
        "name_en": "Oded Forer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Юлия Малиновски",
        "role": "Депутат Кнессета",
        "role_en": "Knesset Member",
        "name_en": "Yulia Malinovsky"
      },
      {
        "name": "Хамад Амар",
        "role": "Депутат Кнессета (друз) — иллюстрирует, что фракция не ограничена русскоязычной общиной",
        "role_en": "Knesset Member (Druze) — illustrates that the faction is not limited to the Russian-speaking community",
        "name_en": "Hamad Amar"
      }
    ],
    "full_member_list": {
      "note": "Список 6 депутатов фракции «Наш дом Израиль» в 25-м Кнессете по базе проекта. Требует сверки с официальной страницей фракций Кнессета (S15). Состав отражает смешанный характер фракции (русскоязычные депутаты, друзский депутат Хамад Амар и др.), что важно для корректного восприятия партии. Окончательный список кандидатов на 2026 год будет известен после утверждения ЦИК. Обновление на 1 октября 2026: Список 2026 года утверждён ЦИК 27 сентября (буква ל): Авигдор Либерман, Рафи Бен-Шитрит, Талия Ланкри, Одед Форер, Юлия Малиновская; Евгений Сова — №8, Эльвира Кулихман — №9, Дан Илуз — №10; депутат Шарон Нир в выборах не участвует.",
      "note_en": "List of 6 MKs of the 'Yisrael Beiteinu' faction in the 25th Knesset according to the project database. Requires verification against the official Knesset factions page (S15). The composition reflects the mixed nature of the faction (Russian-speaking MKs, Druze MK Hamad Amar, etc.), which is important for a correct perception of the party. The final list of candidates for 2026 will be known after the CEC's approval. Update, October 1, 2026: The 2026 list was approved by the CEC on September 27 (letter ל): Avigdor Lieberman, Rafi Ben Shitrit, Talia Lankri, Oded Forer, Yulia Malinovsky; Evgeny Sova is No. 8, Elvira Kulikhman No. 9 and Dan Illouz No. 10; MK Sharon Nir is not running.",
      "members": [
        {
          "name": "Авигдор Либерман",
          "role": "Председатель партии",
          "role_en": "Party Chairman",
          "name_en": "Avigdor Liberman"
        },
        {
          "name": "Одед Форер",
          "role": "Депутат Кнессета",
          "role_en": "Knesset Member",
          "name_en": "Oded Forer"
        },
        {
          "name": "Евгений Сова",
          "role": "Депутат Кнессета",
          "role_en": "Knesset Member",
          "name_en": "Evgeny Sova"
        },
        {
          "name": "Шарон Нир",
          "role": "Депутат Кнессета",
          "role_en": "Knesset Member",
          "name_en": "Sharon Nir"
        },
        {
          "name": "Юлия Малиновски",
          "role": "Депутат Кнессета",
          "role_en": "Knesset Member",
          "name_en": "Yulia Malinovsky"
        },
        {
          "name": "Хамад Амар",
          "role": "Депутат Кнессета (друз)",
          "role_en": "Knesset Member (Druze)",
          "name_en": "Hamad Amar"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        "S15",
        "S1"
      ]
    }
  },
  "political_position": {
    "left_right_axis": {
      "ru": "right",
      "en": "right"
    },
    "authoritarian_libertarian_axis": {
      "ru": "Жёсткая по вопросам безопасности, но светская и либеральная по вопросам религии и государства (против религиозного принуждения).",
      "en": "Hardline on security, but secular and liberal on religion and state matters (opposes religious coercion)."
    },
    "pro_eu_vs_eurosceptic": null,
    "stance_toward_russia": "Партия не публиковала развёрнутой позиции по поставкам вооружений в украинском конфликте. Конкретный задокументированный шаг: в марте 2022 года, на фоне войны в Украине, Либерман предложил упростить въезд в Израиль для правнуков евреев из бывшего СССР (расширение, а не ограничение, иммиграции). Утверждения о призывах поставлять Украине вооружение в проверенных источниках в рамках данного исследования не подтверждены и потому не приводятся как факт.",
    "spectrum_notes": "Важная оговорка: партия основана в 1999 году с опорой на русскоязычную общину репатриантов из бывшего СССР, однако её заявленные приоритеты — светская повестка, полный призыв ультраортодоксов и безопасность, а не этническая адвокатура. Демографическая база и текущая программа — разные вещи, и их не следует смешивать.",
    "spectrum_notes_en": "Important caveat: the party was founded in 1999 with reliance on the Russian-speaking immigrant community from the former USSR; however, its stated priorities are a secular agenda, full conscription of the ultra-Orthodox, and security, rather than ethnic advocacy. The demographic base and the current platform are different things and should not be conflated.",
    "stance_toward_russia_en": "The party has not published a detailed position on arms deliveries in the Ukraine conflict. One documented step: in March 2022, against the backdrop of the war, Liberman proposed easing entry to Israel for great-grandchildren of Jews from the former USSR (an expansion, not a restriction, of immigration). Claims that it called for arming Ukraine were not confirmed in the sources verified for this research and are therefore not presented as fact."
  },
  "priorities": [
    {
      "topic": "Разделение религии и государства",
      "stated_position": "Светская гражданская повестка: гражданский брак и развод, противодействие религиозному принуждению и политическому влиянию ультраортодоксов.",
      "stated_position_en": "Secular civil agenda: civil marriage and divorce, countering religious coercion and the political influence of the ultra-Orthodox.",
      "fact_or_claim": "party_claim",
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S6"
      ],
      "topic_en": "Separation of religion and state"
    },
    {
      "topic": "Полный призыв ультраортодоксов",
      "stated_position": "Полный закон о призыве харедим без льготных освобождений; отказ входить в коалицию с харедимными партиями по этому вопросу.",
      "stated_position_en": "Full draft law for Haredim without preferential exemptions; refusal to enter a coalition with Haredi parties on this issue.",
      "fact_or_claim": "fact",
      "sources": [
        "S7",
        "S1"
      ],
      "topic_en": "Full haredi conscription"
    },
    {
      "topic": "Безопасность",
      "stated_position": "Жёсткая линия в вопросах безопасности; Иран рассматривается как главная угроза.",
      "stated_position_en": "Tough line on security issues; Iran is viewed as the primary threat.",
      "fact_or_claim": "party_claim",
      "sources": [
        "S10",
        "S1"
      ],
      "topic_en": "Security"
    },
    {
      "topic": "Экономика",
      "stated_position": "Правые фискальные позиции, поддержка частного предпринимательства; универсализация жилищных субсидий.",
      "stated_position_en": "Right-wing fiscal positions, support for private enterprise; universalization of housing subsidies.",
      "fact_or_claim": "party_claim",
      "sources": [
        "S1"
      ],
      "topic_en": "The economy"
    }
  ],
  "program_and_plan": {
    "summary": "Светско-националистическая партия Авигдора Либермана. Соединяет жёсткую линию безопасности с последовательно светской позицией по вопросам религии и государства. Центральные требования — полный призыв ультраортодоксов и введение гражданского брака. По опросам 2026 года набирает порядка 9–11 мандатов и может играть роль «делателя королей»; Либерман заявлял, что его цель — пост премьер-министра.",
    "summary_en": "Secular-nationalist party of Avigdor Liberman. Combines a tough security line with a consistently secular stance on religion and state. Central demands are full conscription of the ultra-Orthodox and the introduction of civil marriage. According to 2026 polls, it is projected to win around 9–11 seats and may play the role of 'kingmaker'; Liberman has stated his goal is the post of Prime Minister.",
    "key_pledges": [
      {
        "pledge": "Принять полный закон о призыве ультраортодоксов без льготных освобождений",
        "pledge_en": "Pass a full conscription law for the ultra-Orthodox without preferential exemptions",
        "policy_area": "равное бремя / религия и государство",
        "specificity": "concrete",
        "sources": [
          "S7",
          "S6"
        ],
        "policy_area_en": "equal burden / religion and state"
      },
      {
        "pledge": "Ввести гражданский брак и развод",
        "pledge_en": "Introduce civil marriage and divorce",
        "policy_area": "религия и государство",
        "specificity": "concrete",
        "sources": [
          "S6"
        ],
        "policy_area_en": "religion and state"
      },
      {
        "pledge": "Сохранить и расширить Закон о возвращении (включая «оговорку о внуках»)",
        "pledge_en": "Preserve and expand the Law of Return (including the 'grandchild clause')",
        "policy_area": "гражданство / иммиграция",
        "specificity": "concrete",
        "sources": [
          "S11",
          "S12"
        ],
        "policy_area_en": "citizenship / immigration"
      }
    ]
  },
  "positions_on_key_topics": [
    {
      "topic": "other",
      "position": "РЕЛИГИЯ И ГОСУДАРСТВО / СВЕТСКАЯ ПОВЕСТКА — определяющая тема партии. Реализация: партия в оппозиции; последовательно продвигает разделение религии и государства. Критика: критикует религиозное принуждение и политическое влияние ультраортодоксов. Предложение: введение гражданского брака и развода, светские гражданские нормы, ограничение религиозной монополии в публичной сфере.",
      "position_en": "RELIGION AND STATE / SECULAR AGENDA — the defining topic for the party. Implementation: The party is in opposition; it consistently promotes the separation of religion and state. Criticism: Criticizes religious coercion and the political influence of the ultra-Orthodox. Proposal: Introduction of civil marriage and divorce, secular civil norms, and limiting the religious monopoly in the public sphere.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "universal_conscription",
      "position": "Всеобщий призыв (призыв харедим) — одно из ключевых требований партии. Реализация: партия в оппозиции; неоднократно отказывалась входить в коалицию с харедимными партиями из-за вопроса призыва (в т.ч. в 2019). Критика: льготные освобождения студентов йешив рассматриваются как неравенство. Предложение: полный закон о призыве без льгот; партия заявляет, что не уступит по этому вопросу. Жёсткая линия по призыву даёт Либерману влияние, непропорциональное размеру фракции; он заявлял, что его цель на выборах 2026 — пост премьер-министра. Это позиция, противоположная ШАС и «Яадут ха-Тора».",
      "position_en": "Universal Conscription (Haredi draft) — one of the key demands of the party. Implementation: The party is in opposition; it repeatedly refused to join coalitions with Haredi parties due to the draft issue (including in 2019). Criticism: Preferential exemptions for yeshiva students are viewed as inequality. Proposal: A full conscription law without exemptions; the party states it will not compromise on this issue. A tough draft line gives Liberman leverage disproportionate to the faction's size; he stated his goal for the 2026 election is the post of Prime Minister. This is the opposite position to Shas and United Torah Judaism.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S7",
        "S1",
        "S5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "palestine",
      "position": "ПАЛЕСТИНСКИЙ ВОПРОС. Реализация: партия в оппозиции. Критика/позиция: «план Либермана» предусматривает обмен территориями и населением для создания двух этнически более однородных государств — включая возможную передачу некоторых населённых арабами израильских районов будущему палестинскому образованию; при таком обмене Либерман в ряде заявлений допускал палестинское государство. Предложение: размежевание через территориально-демографический обмен, а не сохранение нынешнего статус-кво.",
      "position_en": "Palestinian Issue. Implementation: The party is in opposition. Criticism/Position: The 'Liberman Plan' provides for territory and population exchange to create two ethnically more homogenous states — including the potential transfer of some Arab-populated Israeli areas to a future Palestinian entity; under such an exchange, Liberman has in several statements allowed for a Palestinian state. Proposal: Separation through territorial-demographic exchange rather than preserving the current status quo.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S8",
        "S9"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "iran",
      "position": "ИРАН. Реализация: партия в оппозиции. Критика/позиция: Либерман считает Иран главной экзистенциальной угрозой Израилю, заявляя, что «без Ирана нет ни „Хизбаллы“, ни ХАМАСа» — то есть рассматривает иранских прокси как зависимых от Тегерана. Предложение: приоритетное противодействие Ирану как первоисточнику региональных угроз.",
      "position_en": "Iran. Implementation: The party is in opposition. Criticism/Position: Liberman considers Iran to be Israel's main existential threat, stating that 'without Iran, there is no Hezbollah and no Hamas' — that is, he views Iranian proxies as dependent on Tehran. Proposal: Priority counteraction to Iran as the primary source of regional threats.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "lebanon",
      "position": "ЛИВАН / «ХИЗБАЛЛА». Реализация: партия в оппозиции. Критика/позиция: «Хизбалла» рассматривается Либерманом как иранский прокси (производное от иранской угрозы). Предложение: отдельной развёрнутой программы по Ливану помимо иранской рамки в проверенных нейтральных источниках не зафиксировано.",
      "position_en": "Lebanon / Hezbollah. Implementation: The party is in opposition. Criticism/Position: Hezbollah is viewed by Liberman as an Iranian proxy (a derivative of the Iranian threat). Proposal: No separate detailed program on Lebanon outside the Iranian framework is recorded in verified neutral sources.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "disputed",
      "sources": [
        "S10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "army_idf",
      "position": "ЦАХАЛ (армия). Реализация: Либерман — бывший министр обороны (2016–2018); в ноябре 2018 ушёл в отставку в знак протеста против прекращения огня в Газе, которое он не поддержал. Критика: критикует сдержанность в военной политике. Предложение: жёсткая линия безопасности в сочетании с полным призывом (равное бремя службы).",
      "position_en": "IDF (Army). Implementation: Liberman is a former Minister of Defense (2016–2018); in November 2018, he resigned to protest a ceasefire in Gaza that he did not support. Criticism: Criticizes restraint in military policy. Proposal: A tough security line combined with full conscription (equal burden of service).",
      "as_of_date": "2018-11-14",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "judicial_reform",
      "position": "Судебная реформа. Реализация: партия, находясь в оппозиции, выступала против судебной реформы правительства Нетаньяху. Критика: реформа оценивается как часть линии, которой партия противостоит. Предложение: детальной альтернативной программы по судоустройству партия системно не публиковала; отдельная развёрнутая позиция в нейтральных источниках ограниченно зафиксирована.",
      "position_en": "Judicial Reform. Implementation: The party, while in opposition, opposed the Netanyahu government's judicial reform. Criticism: The reform is evaluated as part of the line the party opposes. Proposal: The party has not systematically published a detailed alternative program on the judicial system; a separate detailed position in neutral sources is only limitedly recorded.",
      "as_of_date": "2024-01-01",
      "reliability": "disputed",
      "sources": [
        "S3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "international_relations",
      "position": "МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ. Реализация: партия в оппозиции; делает акцент на союзе с США и жёсткой линии против Ирана. Критика/контекст: на фоне войны в Украине (март 2022) Либерман предложил упростить въезд для правнуков евреев из бывшего СССР. Предложение: самостоятельной развёрнутой программы по ЕС, Заливу и нормализации с арабскими странами партия публикует ограниченно; задокументированных призывов поставлять Украине вооружение в проверенных источниках не найдено, поэтому такие утверждения не приводятся.",
      "position_en": "International Relations. Implementation: The party is in opposition; emphasizes the alliance with the US and a tough line against Iran. Criticism/Context: Amid the war in Ukraine (March 2022), Liberman proposed simplifying entry for great-grandchildren of Jews from the former USSR. Proposal: The party publishes limited independent programs on the EU, Gulf, and normalization with Arab countries; no documented calls to supply Ukraine with weapons have been found in verified sources, so such claims are not presented.",
      "as_of_date": "2022-03-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S11"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "economy",
      "position": "ЭКОНОМИКА. Реализация: партия в оппозиции. Критика/позиция: правые фискальные взгляды, поддержка частного предпринимательства; партия предлагала универсализировать жилищные субсидии и уравнять гранты между светскими и религиозными общинами. Предложение: рыночная экономическая политика и снижение бюрократических барьеров.",
      "position_en": "Economy. Implementation: The party is in opposition. Criticism/Position: Right-wing fiscal views, support for private enterprise; the party proposed universalizing housing subsidies and equalizing grants between secular and religious communities. Proposal: Market economic policies and reduction of bureaucratic barriers.",
      "as_of_date": "2026-01-01",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics_relevant_to_russian_speaking_community": [
    {
      "topic": "citizenship_naturalization",
      "salience_for_party": "core_priority",
      "party_position": "Партия — последовательный защитник «оговорки о внуках». Либерман публично заявлял, что не войдёт в правительство, ограничивающее норму, а в марте 2022 года предложил, напротив, РАСШИРИТЬ право — упростить въезд для правнуков евреев из бывшего СССР. Эта позиция вытекает из светско-националистической линии партии против ограничений, продвигаемых религиозными партиями. Прямая цитата: в ответ на эти слова раввина Йосефа (2019) лидер партии Авигдор Либерман назвал их «расистскими и откровенно антисемитскими», призвал к отставке раввина и подчеркнул, что русскоязычные граждане «работают, служат в армии — на срочной службе и в резерве, платят налоги и вносят вклад в благополучие государства».",
      "party_position_en": "The party is a consistent defender of the 'grandchild clause'. Liberman publicly stated that he would not join a government that limits the rule, and in March 2022, he proposed, on the contrary, to EXPAND the right — to simplify entry for the great-grandchildren of Jews from the former USSR. This position stems from the party's secular-nationalist line against restrictions promoted by religious parties. Direct quote: In response to Chief Rabbi Yosef's comments (2019), party leader Avigdor Liberman called them 'racist and outright antisemitic', called for the rabbi's resignation, and emphasized that Russian-speaking citizens 'work, serve in the army — in active service and reserves, pay taxes, and contribute to the well-being of the state'.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident": "Для потенциальных репатриантов из бывшего СССР, имеющих еврейское происхождение по линии дедушки/бабушки (а по предложению Либермана — и прадеда/прабабки), позиция партии означает сохранение и потенциальное расширение права на репатриацию.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident_en": "For potential immigrants from the former USSR who have Jewish ancestry through a grandparent (and, under Liberman's proposal, a great-grandparent), the party's position means preserving and potentially expanding the right to aliyah.",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S11",
        "S12",
        "S18"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "attitude_to_relocants_from_RU_BY_UA",
      "party_position": "Задокументированный шаг — предложение Либермана (март 2022) упростить въезд для правнуков евреев из бывшего СССР на фоне войны в Украине. Развёрнутой внешнеполитической позиции по самой войне (включая поставки вооружений) партия публично не формулировала в проверенных источниках.",
      "party_position_en": "A documented step is Liberman's proposal (March 2022) to simplify entry for great-grandchildren of Jews from the former USSR amid the war in Ukraine. The party has not publicly formulated a detailed foreign policy position on the war itself (including weapons supplies) in verified sources.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident": "Для релокантов с еврейскими корнями из бывшего СССР предложение партии означало бы более широкие возможности репатриации; отдельной политики по релокантам без еврейских корней партия не заявляла.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident_en": "For relocants with Jewish roots from the former USSR, the party's proposal would mean wider opportunities for aliyah; the party has not declared a separate policy for relocants without Jewish roots.",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S11"
      ]
    },
    {
      "topic": "children_in_school",
      "salience_for_party": "core_priority",
      "reliability": "verified",
      "party_position": "Многолетняя профильная тема партии. Депутат партии Алекс Миллер продвигал закон об интеграции детей-репатриантов в системе образования: право на усиленные часы иврита, адаптация багрута к языку ученика и обязательный сотрудник со знанием языка репатриантов в школах, где их больше 20; ранее партия вносила законопроект о сдаче багрута на русском и амхарском (ynet). Подход партии — поддержка на родном языке параллельно с изучением иврита внутри общей системы, а не отдельные русские школы.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident": "По опросу общины, главные трудности детей-репатриантов: язык (63%), адаптация (40%), страхи из-за войны (33%), одиночество (29%), учёба (27%); 12% сталкивались с расизмом (Маарив). У партии — документированная профильная программа: усиленные часы иврита и помощь на родном языке в обычной израильской школе.",
      "party_position_en": "A long-standing signature issue for the party. MK Alex Miller advanced a law on integrating immigrant children in the education system: a right to extra Hebrew hours, adapting the bagrut to the student's language, and a mandatory staff member speaking the immigrants' language in schools with more than 20 such pupils; earlier the party tabled a bill allowing the bagrut in Russian and Amharic (ynet). The party's approach is native-language support alongside Hebrew study within the common system — not separate Russian schools.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident_en": "Per a community survey, immigrant children's main difficulties are language (63%), adjustment (40%), war-related fears (33%), loneliness (29%) and studies (27%); 12% encountered racism (Maariv). The party has a documented dedicated program: extra Hebrew hours and native-language support within the regular Israeli school."
    },
    {
      "topic": "novy_god",
      "salience_for_party": "reactive_position",
      "reliability": "unverified",
      "party_position": "Партия публично ассоциируется с защитой культурных традиций общины, однако отдельные документированные законодательные шаги именно по «Нови году» в проверенных ивритоязычных публикациях не зафиксированы.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident": "Праздник прошёл путь «от подозрительности к принятию» (13-й канал): с 2011 года 1 января входит в перечень «дней по выбору» (оплачиваемый выходной по желанию работника), с 2017-го канун Нового года — признанная дата отсутствия; Минпрос не назначает важные экзамены на 31 декабря и 1 января. Для семьи это означает возможность отметить семейный светский праздник без конфликта со школой и работодателем.",
      "party_position_en": "The party is publicly associated with defending the community's cultural traditions, but no specific documented legislative steps on the Novy God holiday itself were found in the verified Hebrew-language publications.",
      "practical_impact_for_resident_en": "The holiday has gone 'from suspicion to acceptance' (Channel 13): since 2011, January 1 is on the list of 'optional days off' (a paid day off at the employee's choice); since 2017 New Year's Eve is a recognized absence date; the Education Ministry schedules no major exams on December 31 or January 1. For a family this means celebrating a secular family holiday without conflict with school or employer."
    }
  ],
  "voting_record": [
    {
      "bill_or_issue": {
        "ru": "Отставка Либермана с поста министра обороны в знак протеста против прекращения огня в Газе (действие)",
        "en": "Lieberman's resignation from the post of Defense Minister in protest of the ceasefire in Gaza (action)"
      },
      "date": {
        "ru": "2018-11-14",
        "en": "2018-11-14"
      },
      "how_party_voted": {
        "ru": "na",
        "en": "na"
      },
      "consistency_with_rhetoric": {
        "ru": "consistent",
        "en": "consistent"
      },
      "sources": [
        "S4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bill_or_issue": {
        "ru": "Отказ входить в коалиции с харедимными партиями из-за вопроса призыва (линия с 2019 года)",
        "en": "Refusal to enter coalitions with Haredi parties over the conscription issue (line since 2019)"
      },
      "date": {
        "ru": "2019-05-01",
        "en": "2019-05-01"
      },
      "how_party_voted": {
        "ru": "na",
        "en": "na"
      },
      "consistency_with_rhetoric": {
        "ru": "consistent",
        "en": "consistent"
      },
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "bill_or_issue": {
        "ru": "Противодействие коалиционным инициативам по ограничению «оговорки о внуках» Закона о возвращении",
        "en": "Opposition to coalition initiatives to restrict the 'grandchild clause' of the Law of Return"
      },
      "date": {
        "ru": "2023-01-01",
        "en": "2023-01-01"
      },
      "how_party_voted": {
        "ru": "against",
        "en": "against"
      },
      "consistency_with_rhetoric": {
        "ru": "consistent",
        "en": "consistent"
      },
      "sources": [
        "S12",
        "S11"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "vote_based_analysis": {
    "data_source": "Поимённые голосования Кнессета (24-й и 25-й созывы), выгрузка Open Knesset; обработка — analyze_all_votes.py. Первичный источник высокой достоверности.",
    "period_segmentation": "24-й Кнессет (2021–2022): коалиция (сплочённость 0.999). 25-й Кнессет (с ноября 2022): оппозиция (сплочённость 0.999). Периоды анализируются раздельно.",
    "period_segmentation_en": "24th Knesset (2021–2022): coalition (cohesion 0.999). 25th Knesset (since Nov 2022): opposition (cohesion 0.999). Periods analyzed separately.",
    "party_discipline_cohesion": 0.999,
    "discipline_note_en": "Intra-faction cohesion is near-absolute (0.999), reflecting strict voting discipline under Liberman's leadership.",
    "is_leader_proxy": false,
    "data_quality_note": {
      "ru": "Полнофракционные данные.",
      "en": "Full faction data."
    },
    "landmark_votes": [
      {
        "vote_id": 39566,
        "date": {
          "ru": "2023-07-11",
          "en": "2023-07-11"
        },
        "topic": {
          "ru": "judicial_reform",
          "en": "judicial_reform"
        },
        "bill_ru": {
          "ru": "Основной закон «О судебной власти» — «оговорка о разумности»",
          "en": "Basic Law: The Judiciary — 'reasonableness clause'"
        },
        "position": {
          "ru": "against",
          "en": "against"
        },
        "position_ru": {
          "ru": "против",
          "en": "against"
        },
        "knesset_tally": {
          "ru": "фракция: 0/5 (за/против)",
          "en": "faction: 0/5 (for/against)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "S17"
        ]
      },
      {
        "vote_id": 38739,
        "date": {
          "ru": "2023-05-23",
          "en": "2023-05-23"
        },
        "topic": {
          "ru": "budget",
          "en": "budget"
        },
        "bill_ru": {
          "ru": "Государственный бюджет на 2023 год",
          "en": "State budget for 2023"
        },
        "position": {
          "ru": "against",
          "en": "against"
        },
        "position_ru": {
          "ru": "против",
          "en": "against"
        },
        "knesset_tally": {
          "ru": "фракция: 0/5 (за/против)",
          "en": "faction: 0/5 (for/against)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "S17"
        ]
      },
      {
        "vote_id": 37925,
        "date": null,
        "topic": {
          "ru": "security_consensus",
          "en": "security_consensus"
        },
        "bill_ru": {
          "ru": "Лишение гражданства террориста, получающего вознаграждение за теракт",
          "en": "Revocation of citizenship of a terrorist receiving compensation for an attack"
        },
        "position": {
          "ru": "for",
          "en": "for"
        },
        "position_ru": {
          "ru": "за",
          "en": "for"
        },
        "knesset_tally": {
          "ru": "фракция: 5/0 (за/против)",
          "en": "faction: 5/0 (for/against)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "S17"
        ]
      },
      {
        "vote_id": 44209,
        "date": {
          "ru": "2025-06-12",
          "en": "2025-06-12"
        },
        "topic": {
          "ru": "dissolution",
          "en": "dissolution"
        },
        "bill_ru": {
          "ru": "Роспуск Кнессета (инициатива оппозиции, июнь 2025)",
          "en": "Dissolution of the Knesset (opposition initiative, June 2025)"
        },
        "position": {
          "ru": "for",
          "en": "for"
        },
        "position_ru": {
          "ru": "за",
          "en": "for"
        },
        "knesset_tally": {
          "ru": "фракция: 5/0 (за/против)",
          "en": "faction: 5/0 (for/against)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "S17"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "data_literacy_caveat": "Сырые доли «за» искажены потоком оппозиционных оговорок и НЕ равны «поддержке правительства»; достоверны конкретные голосования (VoteID), сплочённость и межпартийная согласованность.",
    "data_literacy_caveat_en": "Raw 'for' shares are distorted by the flow of opposition objections and do NOT equal 'support for the government'; specific votes (VoteID), cohesion, and cross-party agreement are reliable.",
    "audit_note": "Знаковые голосования привязаны к поимённым VoteID Кнессета (первичный источник). Ранее в досье встречались сценарные даты (напр., роспуск 20.05.2026 — за пределами данных); реальная попытка роспуска — 12.06.2025 (VoteID 44209).",
    "audit_note_en": "Landmark votes are tied to Knesset roll-call VoteIDs (primary source). Previously, scenario dates appeared in the dossier (e.g., dissolution on 20.05.2026 — beyond data range); the real dissolution attempt was on 12.06.2025 (VoteID 44209).",
    "sources": [
      "S17"
    ],
    "data_source_en": "Knesset roll-call votes (24th and 25th Knessets), Open Knesset export; processed by analyze_all_votes.py. A high-reliability primary source."
  },
  "promise_tracker": [
    {
      "previous_promise": "Принять полный закон о призыве ультраортодоксов без льгот",
      "previous_promise_en": "Pass a full conscription law for the ultra-Orthodox without exemptions",
      "made_when": "2019-01-01",
      "status": "in_progress",
      "evidence": "Реализация: закон не принят; партия в оппозиции и не уступает по вопросу. Критика: освобождения харедим — неравенство. Предложение: полный призыв без льгот. Итог: остаётся центральным невыполненным требованием. См. positions_on_key_topics → universal_conscription.",
      "evidence_en": "Implementation: Law was not passed; the party is in opposition and does not compromise on the issue. Criticism: Exemptions for Haredim are viewed as inequality. Proposal: Full draft without exemptions. Outcome: Remains a central unfulfilled demand. See positions_on_key_topics → universal_conscription.",
      "sources": [
        "S7",
        "S1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "previous_promise": "Защитить (и расширить) Закон о возвращении, включая «оговорку о внуках»",
      "previous_promise_en": "Protect (and expand) the Law of Return, including the 'grandchild clause'",
      "made_when": "2022-03-01",
      "status": "in_progress",
      "evidence": "Реализация: норма не ограничена; предложение Либермана о расширении на правнуков (2022) не принято. Критика: давление религиозных партий на ограничение. Предложение: сохранение и расширение нормы. Итог: норма сохранена, расширение не реализовано.",
      "evidence_en": "Implementation: The rule has not been limited; Liberman's proposal to expand it to great-grandchildren (2022) was not passed. Criticism: Pressure from religious parties to limit it. Proposal: Preservation and expansion of the rule. Outcome: The rule was preserved, expansion was not implemented.",
      "sources": [
        "S11",
        "S12"
      ]
    },
    {
      "previous_promise": "Ввести гражданский брак и развод",
      "previous_promise_en": "Introduce civil marriage and divorce",
      "made_when": "2019-01-01",
      "status": "in_progress",
      "evidence": "Реализация: гражданский брак в Израиле не введён; партия в оппозиции. Критика: религиозная монополия на регистрацию браков. Предложение: гражданский брак и развод. Итог: не реализовано.",
      "evidence_en": "Implementation: Civil marriage has not been introduced in Israel; the party is in opposition. Criticism: Religious monopoly on marriage registration. Proposal: Civil marriage and divorce. Outcome: Not implemented.",
      "sources": [
        "S6"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "financing_and_affiliations": {
    "main_funding_sources": "Государственное финансирование партий и кампаний по «единицам финансирования» (Закон о финансировании партий 1973, Закон о партиях 1992).",
    "main_funding_sources_en": "State funding of parties and campaigns based on 'funding units' (Party Financing Law of 1973, Parties Law of 1992).",
    "notable_affiliations": [
      {
        "ru": "исторически — опора на русскоязычную общину репатриантов из бывшего СССР (демографическая база, а не текущая программная адвокатура)",
        "en": "historically — reliance on the Russian-speaking community of immigrants from the former USSR (demographic base, not current programmatic advocacy)"
      }
    ],
    "notable_affiliations_en": [
      "historically — reliance on the Russian-speaking immigrant community from the former USSR (demographic base rather than current programmatic advocacy)"
    ],
    "transparency_notes": "В рамках данного исследования отдельных нарушений в текущем партийном финансировании не зафиксировано (no_data). Лидер партии в прошлом был объектом длительных расследований; в 2013 году оправдан судом (см. controversies).",
    "transparency_notes_en": "No separate violations in current party financing have been recorded in this research (no_data). The party leader was historically the subject of prolonged investigations; he was acquitted by a court in 2013 (see controversies).",
    "sources": [
      "S1",
      "S13"
    ]
  },
  "timeline": [
    {
      "date": "1999-01-01",
      "event": "Авигдор Либерман основывает партию «Наш дом Израиль» (изначально — с опорой на правую часть русскоязычной общины).",
      "event_en": "Avigdor Liberman founds the 'Yisrael Beiteinu' party (initially with reliance on the right-wing part of the Russian-speaking community).",
      "type": "founding",
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2009-02-10",
      "event": "Пик электорального успеха: 15 мандатов, третья по величине партия Кнессета.",
      "event_en": "Peak of electoral success: 15 seats, the third-largest party in the Knesset.",
      "type": "election",
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-11-06",
      "event": "Иерусалимский суд оправдывает Либермана по обвинениям в мошенничестве и злоупотреблении доверием.",
      "event_en": "Jerusalem Court unanimously acquits Liberman of charges of fraud and breach of trust.",
      "type": "scandal",
      "sources": [
        "S13",
        "S14"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-11-14",
      "event": "Либерман уходит в отставку с поста министра обороны в знак протеста против прекращения огня в Газе.",
      "event_en": "Liberman resigns as Minister of Defense to protest the ceasefire in Gaza.",
      "type": "other",
      "sources": [
        "S4"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2022-03-01",
      "event": "На фоне войны в Украине Либерман предлагает упростить въезд для правнуков евреев из бывшего СССР.",
      "event_en": "Amid the war in Ukraine, Liberman proposes simplifying entry for great-grandchildren of Jews from the former USSR.",
      "type": "position_shift",
      "sources": [
        "S11"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-06",
      "event": "Партия представляет список: Либерман, Рафи Бен-Шитрит, Талия Ланкри, Одед Форер, Юлия Малиновская; в первой десятке четверо русскоязычных — Либерман, Малиновская, Евгений Сова и Эльвира Кулихман.",
      "event_en": "The party unveils its slate: Lieberman, Rafi Ben Shitrit, Talia Lankri, Oded Forer, Yulia Malinovsky; four Russian speakers in the top ten — Lieberman, Malinovsky, Evgeny Sova and Elvira Kulikhman.",
      "type": "election",
      "sources": [
        "S24",
        "S25"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-10",
      "event": "Соглашение об излишках голосов со списком «Вместе».",
      "event_en": "Surplus-vote agreement with Together.",
      "type": "coalition",
      "sources": [
        "S26",
        "S27"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-27",
      "event": "ЦИК утверждает список под буквой ל.",
      "event_en": "The CEC approves the list under the letter ל.",
      "type": "election",
      "sources": [
        "S28",
        "S29"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-06",
      "event": "Министр от «Ликуда» Шикли передразнивает акцент Либермана; Либерман называет это расизмом по отношению к русскоязычным.",
      "event_en": "Likud minister Chikli mimics Lieberman's accent; Lieberman calls it racism against Russian speakers.",
      "type": "election",
      "sources": [
        "S30"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-11",
      "event": "Либерман ставит всеобщую службу условием вхождения в любое правительство и вновь исключает РААМ.",
      "event_en": "Lieberman makes universal service a condition for joining any government and again rules out Ra'am.",
      "type": "election",
      "sources": [
        "S31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-15",
      "event": "Либерман исключает поддержку любого правительства меньшинства, «даже на переходный период», и повторяет: коалиция только из сионистских партий, без Нетаньяху.",
      "event_en": "Lieberman rules out backing any minority government, 'not even for a transitional period', and repeats: a coalition of Zionist parties only, without Netanyahu.",
      "type": "position_shift",
      "sources": [
        "S32",
        "S33",
        "S34"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "controversies": [
    {
      "description": "Лидер партии Авигдор Либерман на протяжении 2000-х — начала 2010-х был объектом длительных расследований. 6 ноября 2013 года Иерусалимский суд единогласно оправдал его по обвинениям в мошенничестве и злоупотреблении доверием (дело о продвижении бывшего дипломата на пост посла в Латвии); связанное расследование об отмывании денег было закрыто без предъявления обвинения. Бывший прокурор Авия Алеф впоследствии публично выражал сожаление о том, что обвинение не удалось довести до приговора.",
      "description_en": "Party leader Avigdor Liberman was the subject of long investigations throughout the 2000s and early 2010s. On November 6, 2013, the Jerusalem Court unanimously acquitted him of charges of fraud and breach of trust (the case of promoting a former diplomat to the post of ambassador to Latvia); the related money laundering investigation was closed without charges. Former prosecutor Avia Alef subsequently publicly expressed regret that the prosecution failed to secure a conviction.",
      "party_response": "Либерман последовательно отрицал нарушения и характеризовал расследования как политически мотивированные; суд вынес оправдательный приговор.",
      "party_response_en": "Liberman consistently denied wrongdoing and characterized the investigations as politically motivated; the court issued an acquittal.",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        "S13",
        "S14",
        "S16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "description": "Член фракции — уровень рядовых MK: в рамках данного исследования не выявлено публично задокументированных уголовных обвинений против действующих депутатов партии (помимо завершившихся оправданием/закрытием дел в отношении лидера) по состоянию на 02.06.2026.",
      "description_en": "Member of the faction — rank-and-file MK level: No publicly documented criminal charges against active party MKs (besides those ending in acquittal/closure for the leader) were identified in this research as of June 2, 2026.",
      "party_response": null,
      "status": {
        "ru": "unverified",
        "en": "unverified"
      },
      "sources": [
        "S1",
        "S3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "bias_and_quality_control": {
    "mirror_test_passed": true,
    "loaded_language_removed": true,
    "fact_opinion_separated": true,
    "source_credibility_policy": {
      "ru": "Каждый источник снабжён полем credibility: high — Кнессет/ЦИК и профили IDI; medium — израильские и международные СМИ и исследовательские институты; low — Wikipedia (только как стартовая карта при наличии подтверждения).",
      "en": "Each source is provided with a credibility field: high — Knesset/CEC and IDI profiles; medium — Israeli and international media and research institutes; low — Wikipedia (only as a starting map when confirmation is available)."
    },
    "open_questions_or_gaps": [
      {
        "ru": "Распространённое упрощение «партия русскоязычных» скорректировано: демографическая база (репатрианты из бывшего СССР) и заявленные приоритеты (светская повестка, призыв харедим, безопасность) разведены.",
        "en": "The common oversimplification of a «by Russian-speaking party» has been corrected: the demographic base (immigrants from the former USSR) and stated priorities (secular agenda, Haredi conscription, security) are separated."
      },
      {
        "ru": "Позиция по поставкам вооружений Украине в проверенных источниках не подтверждена — соответствующие утверждения исключены; задокументировано лишь предложение о расширении репатриации (2022).",
        "en": "The position on arms supplies to Ukraine is not confirmed in verified sources — corresponding claims have been excluded; only the proposal to expand repatriation (2022) is documented."
      },
      {
        "ru": "Позиции по Ливану и судебной реформе слабо документированы отдельно — помечены как disputed.",
        "en": "Positions on Lebanon and judicial reform are poorly documented separately — marked as disputed."
      },
      {
        "ru": "Полный список из 6 депутатов требует сверки с официальной страницей фракции Кнессета (S15).",
        "en": "The full list of 6 members requires cross-checking with the Knesset official faction page (S15)."
      }
    ],
    "open_questions_or_gaps_en": [
      "The common simplification of 'Russian-speaking party' has been corrected: the demographic base (immigrants from the former USSR) and the stated priorities (secular agenda, Haredi draft, security) are separated.",
      "The position on weapons supplies to Ukraine is not confirmed in verified sources — corresponding statements are excluded; only the proposal to expand aliyah (2022) is documented.",
      "Positions on Lebanon and judicial reform are poorly documented separately — marked as disputed.",
      "The full list of 6 MKs requires verification against the official Knesset faction page (S15)."
    ],
    "conflicting_evidence_notes": [
      "Идеология сочетает правую линию по безопасности и светско-либеральную по религии и государству — приведено как единый, но внутренне неоднородный профиль.",
      "По палестинскому вопросу позиция Либермана менялась: «план Либермана» (территориально-демографический обмен) сочетался в ряде периодов с условным допущением палестинского государства — приведено раздельно.",
      "Демографическую базу партии (русскоязычная община) не следует приравнивать к её программным приоритетам; это явно оговорено во избежание искажения."
    ],
    "conflicting_evidence_notes_en": [
      "Ideology combines a tough line on security and a secular-liberal line on religion and state — presented as a single but internally non-homogenous profile.",
      "On the Palestinian issue, Liberman's position has changed: the 'Liberman Plan' (territorial-demographic exchange) was combined in some periods with conditional allowance of a Palestinian state — presented separately.",
      "The party's demographic base (Russian-speaking community) should not be equated with its programmatic priorities; this is explicitly stated to avoid distortion."
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S1",
        "en": "S1"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Yisrael Beitenu — party profile",
        "en": "Yisrael Beitenu - party profile"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/yisrael-beitenu/",
        "en": "https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/yisrael-beitenu/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Israel Democracy Institute",
        "en": "Israel Democracy Institute"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "high",
        "en": "high"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S2",
        "en": "S2"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Yisrael Beiteinu | Party, List, History, & Facts",
        "en": "Yisrael Beiteinu | Party, List, History, & Facts"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yisrael-Beiteinu",
        "en": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yisrael-Beiteinu"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Encyclopædia Britannica",
        "en": "Encyclopædia Britannica"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S3",
        "en": "S3"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Yisrael Beiteinu",
        "en": "Yisrael Beiteinu"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu",
        "en": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Wikipedia",
        "en": "Wikipedia"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "tertiary",
        "en": "tertiary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "unknown",
        "en": "unknown"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "low",
        "en": "low"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S4",
        "en": "S4"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Avigdor Lieberman | Biography, Politician, & Facts (defense minister resignation, 2018)",
        "en": "Avigdor Lieberman | Biography, Politician, & Facts (defense minister resignation, 2018)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avigdor-Lieberman",
        "en": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avigdor-Lieberman"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Encyclopædia Britannica",
        "en": "Encyclopædia Britannica"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S5",
        "en": "S5"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Liberman says his goal for the upcoming election is to become prime minister",
        "en": "Liberman says his goal for the upcoming election is to become prime minister"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-says-his-goal-for-the-upcoming-election-is-to-become-prime-minister/",
        "en": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/lieberman-says-his-goal-for-the-upcoming-election-is-to-become-prime-minister/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Times of Israel",
        "en": "The Times of Israel"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S6",
        "en": "S6"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Avigdor Liberman's Yisrael Beiteinu draws up 5-point pledge ahead of next government (conscription, civil marriage)",
        "en": "Avigdor Liberman's Yisrael Beiteinu draws up 5-point pledge ahead of next government (conscription, civil marriage)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1cr1ogzzl",
        "en": "https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1cr1ogzzl"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Ynetnews",
        "en": "Ynetnews"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S7",
        "en": "S7"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Opposition party leaders spar over potential inclusion of Haredim in future coalition",
        "en": "Opposition party leaders spar over potential inclusion of Haredim in future coalition"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/opposition-party-leaders-spar-over-potential-inclusion-of-haredim-in-future-coalition/",
        "en": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/opposition-party-leaders-spar-over-potential-inclusion-of-haredim-in-future-coalition/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Times of Israel",
        "en": "The Times of Israel"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S8",
        "en": "S8"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Lieberman Plan (population/territory exchange)",
        "en": "Lieberman Plan (population/territory exchange)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieberman_Plan",
        "en": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieberman_Plan"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Wikipedia",
        "en": "Wikipedia"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "tertiary",
        "en": "tertiary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "unknown",
        "en": "unknown"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "low",
        "en": "low"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S9",
        "en": "S9"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Lieberman's 'Peace Plan': Pay Israeli Arabs to Move to Palestinian State",
        "en": "Lieberman's 'Peace Plan': Pay Israeli Arabs to Move to Palestinian State"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.haaretz.com/lieberman-pay-israeli-arabs-to-move-to-palestinian-state-1.5337259",
        "en": "https://www.haaretz.com/lieberman-pay-israeli-arabs-to-move-to-palestinian-state-1.5337259"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Haaretz",
        "en": "Haaretz"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S10",
        "en": "S10"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "One on One with Avigdor Lieberman: 'Without Iran, there is no Hizbullah and no Hamas'",
        "en": "One on One with Avigdor Lieberman: 'Without Iran, there is no Hizbullah and no Hamas'"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/one-on-one-with-avigdor-lieberman-without-iran-there-is-no-hizbullah-and-no-hamas",
        "en": "https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/one-on-one-with-avigdor-lieberman-without-iran-there-is-no-hizbullah-and-no-hamas"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Jerusalem Post",
        "en": "The Jerusalem Post"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S11",
        "en": "S11"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Liberman proposes easy entry for great-grandchildren of Jews, in wake of Ukraine war",
        "en": "Liberman proposes easy entry for great-grandchildren of Jews, in wake of Ukraine war"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-proposes-easy-entry-for-great-grandchildren-of-jews-in-wake-of-ukraine-war/",
        "en": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/lieberman-proposes-easy-entry-for-great-grandchildren-of-jews-in-wake-of-ukraine-war/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Times of Israel",
        "en": "The Times of Israel"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S12",
        "en": "S12"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Coalition revives contentious bid to limit Law of Return (parties defending the grandchild clause)",
        "en": "Coalition revives contentious bid to limit Law of Return (parties defending the grandchild clause)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/coalition-revives-contentious-bid-to-alter-law-of-return-this-time-it-may-pass/",
        "en": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/coalition-revives-contentious-bid-to-alter-law-of-return-this-time-it-may-pass/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Times of Israel",
        "en": "The Times of Israel"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S13",
        "en": "S13"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Israeli politician Avigdor Lieberman acquitted of corruption charges",
        "en": "Israeli politician Avigdor Lieberman acquitted of corruption charges"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-politician-avigdor-lieberman-acquitted-of-corruption-charges/2013/11/06/ac7c6fec-46ef-11e3-95a9-3f15b5618ba8_story.html",
        "en": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-politician-avigdor-lieberman-acquitted-of-corruption-charges/2013/11/06/ac7c6fec-46ef-11e3-95a9-3f15b5618ba8_story.html"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Washington Post",
        "en": "The Washington Post"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S14",
        "en": "S14"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Israel's ex-minister Lieberman acquitted of corruption",
        "en": "Israel's ex-minister Lieberman acquitted of corruption"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.france24.com/en/20131106-israel-ex-foreign-minister-avigdor-lieberman-acquitted-corruption",
        "en": "https://www.france24.com/en/20131106-israel-ex-foreign-minister-avigdor-lieberman-acquitted-corruption"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "France 24",
        "en": "France 24"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S15",
        "en": "S15"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Members of 25th Knesset — Factions (Yisrael Beiteinu faction)",
        "en": "Members of 25th Knesset – Factions (Yisrael Beiteinu faction)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/en/mk/apps/mklobby/main/current-knesset-mks/factions",
        "en": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/en/mk/apps/mklobby/main/current-knesset-mks/factions"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Knesset (Israeli parliament)",
        "en": "Knesset (Israeli parliament)"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "primary",
        "en": "primary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "state_owned",
        "en": "state_owned"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "high",
        "en": "high"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S16",
        "en": "S16"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "The one who got away: Ex-prosecutor laments the failure to indict Liberman",
        "en": "The one who got away: Ex-prosecutor laments the failure to indict Liberman"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-one-who-got-away-ex-prosecutor-laments-the-failure-to-indict-liberman/",
        "en": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-one-who-got-away-ex-prosecutor-laments-the-failure-to-indict-lieberman/"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "The Times of Israel",
        "en": "The Times of Israel"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "secondary",
        "en": "secondary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "independent",
        "en": "independent"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "medium",
        "en": "medium"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-02",
        "en": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "en",
        "en": "en"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": {
        "ru": "S17",
        "en": "S17"
      },
      "title": {
        "ru": "Knesset roll-call votes (24th–25th Knesset), incl. VoteID 39566 (Basic Law: Judiciary / reasonableness), 38739 (2023 budget), 37925 (anti-terror citizenship), 44209 (Knesset dissolution, 2025-06-12)",
        "en": "Knesset roll-call votes (24th–25th Knesset), incl. VoteID 39566 (Basic Law: Judiciary / reasonableness), 38739 (2023 budget), 37925 (anti-terror citizenship), 44209 (Knesset dissolution, 2025-06-12)"
      },
      "url": {
        "ru": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/en/activity/plenum/pages/votes.aspx",
        "en": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/en/activity/plenum/pages/votes.aspx"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "ru": "Knesset (Israeli parliament) via Open Knesset",
        "en": "Knesset (Israeli parliament) via Open Knesset"
      },
      "type": {
        "ru": "primary",
        "en": "primary"
      },
      "bias_flag": {
        "ru": "state_owned",
        "en": "state_owned"
      },
      "credibility": {
        "ru": "high",
        "en": "high"
      },
      "date_accessed": {
        "ru": "2026-06-03",
        "en": "2026-06-03"
      },
      "language": {
        "ru": "he",
        "en": "he"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "S18",
      "title": "PM chides chief rabbi for maligning Soviet immigrants, MKs call for his ouster",
      "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/pm-chides-chief-rabbi-for-maligning-soviet-immigrants-mks-call-for-his-ouster/",
      "publisher": "The Times of Israel",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-03",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S19",
      "title": "הצעת חוק: בחינות בגרות ברוסית ובאמהרית",
      "url": "https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3377129,00.html",
      "publisher": "ynet",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "mainstream_media",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-10",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S20",
      "title": "מושפלים בכיתה, יוצאים משיעורים: המחיר שגובה המלחמה מילדים יוצאי רוסיה",
      "url": "https://news.walla.co.il/item/3492989",
      "publisher": "Walla",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "mainstream_media",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-10",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S21",
      "title": "כשלון הקליטה: 15% מהעולים מרוסיה רוצים לעזוב את ישראל",
      "url": "https://www.maariv.co.il/news/israel/article-1220639",
      "publisher": "Maariv",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "mainstream_media",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-10",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S22",
      "title": "מחסור חמור במורים לעברית: יש גל עלייה גדול, אבל אין מורים באולפנים",
      "url": "https://www.ynet.co.il/judaism/article/b17d1offo",
      "publisher": "ynet",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "mainstream_media",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-10",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S23",
      "title": "מחשדנות כלפי העולים ועד לקבלה: כך הפך \"נובי גוד\" לחג ישראלי",
      "url": "https://13tv.co.il/item/news/domestic/internal/novi_god_israel-965509/",
      "publisher": "Channel 13",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "mainstream_media",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-06-10",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S24",
      "title": "Окончательный список партии Наш дом Израиль на выборах в Кнессет",
      "url": "https://segodnya.co.il/election-news/knesset/okonchatelnyj-spisok-partii-nash-dom-izrail-ndi-na-vyborah-v-knesset/",
      "publisher": "Segodnya",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "ru"
    },
    {
      "id": "S25",
      "title": "רשימת ישראל ביתנו לכנסת ה-26",
      "url": "https://www.inn.co.il/news/705750",
      "publisher": "Arutz Sheva",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S26",
      "title": "Main opposition factions ink surplus-vote deals in bid to maximize Knesset representation",
      "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/main-opposition-factions-ink-surplus-vote-deals-in-bid-to-maximize-knesset-representation/",
      "publisher": "The Times of Israel",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S27",
      "title": "הסכמי עודפים באופוזיציה",
      "url": "https://www.ynet.co.il/news/elections2026/article/syswreefmx",
      "publisher": "Ynet",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S28",
      "title": "Central Elections Committee releases ballot letters for all parties running for the 26th Knesset",
      "url": "https://www.ynetnews.com/article/no1cetlga",
      "publisher": "Ynet",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S29",
      "title": "ועדת הבחירות המרכזית פרסמה את הפתקים של כל המפלגות לכנסת ה-26",
      "url": "https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/s1ibdii5fe",
      "publisher": "Ynet",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-01",
      "language": "he"
    },
    {
      "id": "S30",
      "title": "Chikli accused of racism for imitating Lieberman's accent",
      "url": "https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-910987",
      "publisher": "Jerusalem Post",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-13",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S31",
      "title": "Lieberman sets universal service as a condition for any government",
      "url": "https://www.jpost.com/israel-election-2026/article-911475",
      "publisher": "Jerusalem Post",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-13",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S32",
      "title": "Lieberman: no Netanyahu, no minority government",
      "url": "https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/434665",
      "publisher": "Arutz Sheva",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-15",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S33",
      "title": "Liberman rules out a minority government",
      "url": "https://www.jpost.com/israel-election-2026/article-911855",
      "publisher": "Jerusalem Post",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-15",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "S34",
      "title": "Lieberman closes the door on Eisenkot (Russian)",
      "url": "https://www.vesty.co.il/main/article/bk3kv40jfg",
      "publisher": "Vesty",
      "type": "secondary",
      "bias_flag": "independent",
      "credibility": "medium",
      "date_accessed": "2026-10-15",
      "language": "ru"
    }
  ]
}